Biography
From:
http://press.web.cern.ch/Public/ACHIEVEMENTS/steinberger.html
Jack Steinberger was born in Bad Kissingen, Germany, in 1921. He studied chemical engineering at the Armour Institute of Technology, Illinois, and then at the University of Chicago with Enrico Fermi one of his teachers.
In 1951, he met Leon Lederman at Columbia University and, later, Mel Schwarz who became his student. In 1958, they conducted a neutrino experiment at the new Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. The results emerged in a classic 1962 paper, and neutrino beams went on to become one of the standard tools of particle physics.
26 years later, the talented trio received the Nobel accolade. On hearing the news, Steinberger, 67, said, "if you want to get that prize, do your work early!"
From:
http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1988c.html
1988 Nobel Laureate in Physics
for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.
Background
Born: 1921
Place of Birth: Bad Kissingen, FRG
Residence: U.S.A.
Affiliation: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
From:
http://search.eb.com/nobel/micro/565_19.html
Steinberger, Jack
(b. May 25, 1921, Bad Kissingen, Ger.), German-born American physicist who, along with Leon M. Lederman and Melvin Schwartz, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988 for their joint discoveries concerning neutrinos.
Steinberger immigrated to the United States in 1934. He studied physics at the University of Chicago, receiving his Ph.D. there in 1948. He was a professor of physics at Columbia University, New York City, from 1950 to 1971, and from 1968 he was a physicist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switz.
In the early 1960s Steinberger, along with his Columbia University colleagues Lederman and Schwartz, devised a landmark experiment in particle physics using the accelerator at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, N.Y. The three reseachers obtained the first laboratory-made stream of neutrinos--subatomic particles that have no electric charge and virtually no mass. In the process, they discovered a new type of neutrino called a muon neutrino. The high-energy neutrino beams that the three researchers produced became a basic research tool in the study of subatomic particles and nuclear forces. In particular, the use of such beams made possible the study of radioactive-decay processes involving the weak nuclear force, or weak interaction, one of the four fundamental forces in nature.
From:
http://www.hypothesis.it/nobel/eng/bio/steinberger.htm
Nobel Laureate in Physics, 1988
Jack Steinberger was born in Bad Kissingen (Germany) in 1921, and in 1934 went to the United States as part of a programme for refugee children fleeing the Nazis. He was later joined by the rest of his family in Chicago, where he attended the Armour Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago on scholarship, receiving his undergraduate degree in chemistry.
Following the entry of the United States into the war, he joined the Army and was sent to MIT to work on radar bomb sights, where he took his first courses in physics. After the war he continued his studies at the University of Chicago with Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller, among others, and he received his Ph.D degree with a thesis on muon decay. He worked for a brief period at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, which was directed by Oppenheimer. In 1949, he became Gian Carlo Wickís assistant at the University of California at Berkeley where he had the opportunity to work on the just completed electron synchrotron, but was forced to leave after only a year, partly because of his refusal to sign the anticommunist loyalty oath.
He moved on to Columbia University, conducting bubble-chamber experiments, also in collaboration with research groups from the Universities of Bologna and Pisa. In 1968 he joined CERN in Geneva. Georges Charpak had just invented proportional wire chambers, offering a much more powerful way to study the decay of specific particles, and new detectors were built at CERN and at Columbia. Jack Steinbergerís experiment at CERN, which extended until 1976, produced a series of important results that confirmed the theoretical model of weak interaction, which underlies the radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus. Meanwhile, he was involved in the design of the CDHS detector to be used for a new neutrino experiment during the period 1977 to 1983. Once again, it resulted in a large body of data which gave decisive quantitative support to a series of theoretical models.
In 1983, Jack Steinberger became the spokesman for a collaboration of 400 physicists engaged in the construction of the Large Electron Positron Collider (LEP), the world's largest particle accelerator. He retired from CERN in 1986, although he still carries out research there, and became part-time Professor at the Scuola Normale in Pisa. In 1988, he received the Nobel Prize for Physics, together with Melvin Schwartz and Leon M. Lederman, for the development of a high-energy neutrino beam which led to the discovery of the muonic neutrino. In 1997, he became a member of the Accademia dei Lincei.
